An important challenge of the financial theory in recent years is to construct more sophisticated models which have consistencies with as many financial stylized facts that cannot be explained by traditional models. Recently, psychological studies on decision making under uncertainty which...

In this paper, we analyze the N-motor model based on the Flashing Ratchet model. There are two types of models. One of them consists of the Langevin equation and the other consists of the Fokker–Planck equation. By using the former equation, we calculate the velocity of N-motor models, and...