The effects of an additional strategy or character in the evolutionary snowdrift game (SG) are studied in a well-mixed population or fully connected network and in a square lattice. The SG, which is a possible alternative to the prisoner's dilemma game in studying cooperative phenomena in...

The emergence of cooperation and the effectiveness of penalties among competing agents are studied via a model of evolutionary game incorporating adaptive behavior and penalties for illegal acts. For initially identical agents, a phase diagram is obtained via an analytic approach, with results...

In this work, we study an inhomogeneous material, porous silicon (PS), using a supercell model and an s p3 s∗ tight-binding Hamiltonian. The interband non-vertical transitions are studied in two schemes, which consider different contributions within the intra-atomic approximation. The...