Humans often behave discriminatorily towards others depending on their group membership. In this work, we establish a spatial Prisoner’s dilemma model to investigate the relation between tag-mediated discrimination and cooperation. By introducing tag-mediated selective interaction, we find...

We investigate the topological properties of N(N⩾1) disclination lines in cholesteric liquid crystals. The topological structure of N disclination lines is obtained with the Hopf index and Brouwer degree. Furthermore, the knotted χ disclination loops is proposed with the Hopf invariant. And...

Recently, the modified BFW model on random graphs [W. Chen, R.M. D’Souza, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011) 115701], which shows a discontinuous percolation transition with multiple giant components, has attracted much attention from physicists and statisticians. In this paper, by establishing the...

We study the elastic responses of double- (ds) and single-stranded (ss) DNA at external force fields. A double-strand-polymer elastic model is constructed and solved by path integral methods and Monte Carlo simulations to understand dsDNA entropic elasticity, cooperative extensibility, and...