The stock market has been known to form homogeneous stock groups with a higher correlation among different stocks according to common economic factors that influence individual stocks. We investigate the role of common economic factors in the market in the formation of stock networks, using the...

In this paper, we introduce the concept of multi-stage compound options to the valuation of convertible bonds (CBs). Rather than evaluating a nested high-dimensional integral that has arisen from the valuation of multi-stage compound options, we found that adopting the finite difference method...

Recently, more and more biological experiments have indicated that noise plays an important role in bistable systems, such as the case of the bimodal population distribution in the genetic toggle switch. In this paper, we further verify that noises in degradation rates can indeed induce...

The state vector is defined for the phase turbulence described by the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation. Then the two-time correlation function (TTCF) for the state vector is calculated numerically. In the case when the damping constant is zero, the TTCF decays like Lorentzian. The TTCF changes...