The paper is concerned with some theoretical and empirical attempts to obtain a unified equation for the thermodynamic properties of fluids that incorporates the nonclassical scaling laws near the critical point and crosses over to a classical analytic equation far away from the critical point....

A fluid interface near a critical point is commonly pictured as an intrinsic interface broadened by thermally excited capillary waves. A comparison of the capillary-wave theory with experiments is hampered by the presence of two short-wavelength cutoff parameters in the theory. We review a...

Critical singularities disappear in systems placed in an inhomogeneous field that couples with the order parameter. On the basis of simple renormalization arguments we show that the change from singular behavior in the absence of a field to nonsingular behavior in the presence of a field is...

The paper deals with the question how critical fluctuations in gases are affected by the presence of a gravitational field. We have investigated the effects of gravity using a squared-gradient approximation for the free energy density. It is found that the order-parameter correlation function...

Thermodynamic and statistical mechanical arguments indicate that the temperature derivative of the dielectric constant of fluids diverges weakly at the critical point. Following a thermodynamic procedure proposed by Mistura, we derive an expansion for the static dielectric constant of fluids...

The gravitational field induces density gradients in gases near the critical point. These density gradients are usually evaluated with the assumption that the relationship between the local density and local chemical potential is the same as for a macroscopic system in thermodynamic equilibrium....

Using an analogy between the density expansion of the transport coefficients of moderately dense gases and the inverse-Knudsen-number expansion of the drag on objects in nearly free molecular flows, we formulate the collision integrals that determine the first correction term to the...

We have developed an improved experimental arrangement for measuring small-angle Rayleigh scattering in liquid systems subjected to a stationary temperature gradient. This improved arrangement has enabled us to measure nonequilibrium fluctuations with a simple helium-neon laser. We have used...

We present a detailed experimental study of the viscosity of carbon dioxide as a function of density at a temperature near the critical temperature. Kinetic theory predicts the presence of a logarithmic term in the density expansion for the viscosity of gases. While it is difficult to prove the...

The paper presents measurements of the viscosity of light and heavy water and their mixtures at temperatures between 25°C and 220°C and at pressures from the saturation pressure up to 30 MPa. A comparison with the international formulations for the viscosity of fluid H2O and D2O adopted by the...