Conditional interactions are common in both human and animal societies. To understand the impacts of this feature on the evolution of cooperation, we propose a modified public goods game combined with conditional interactions in terms of the aspiration payoffs. Through simulations, we find that...

We suggest that there exists a critical point H=0.70 of the local Hölder exponent H(t) for describing the weak stationary (stationary for short) property of the modified multifractional Gaussian noise (mmGn) from the point of view of engineering. More precisely, when H(t)0.70 for t∈[0,∞],...

The contributions of this short paper are two-fold. We shall show two interesting properties of fractional Gaussian noise (fGn), namely, its bandlimitedness and lag-limitedness. The computation formulas for the maximum frequency of bandlimited fGn and the maximum lag of lag-limited fGn are...

Processes with long-range dependence (LRD) have gained wide applications in many fields of science and technologies ranging from hydrology to network traffic. Two key properties of such processes are LRD that is characterized by the Hurst parameter H and self-similarity (SS) that is measured by...

We introduce a geometric model for unjamming the polydisperse hard-disk packing. The unjamming corresponds to a critical packing density which is assumed to happen uniformly throughout the packing. However, this model can be used for prediction of local dilation in packings. Molecular dynamics...

In this paper, we propose an extended car-following model and an electricity consumption model to study the effects of the road’s slope on the electric vehicle’s electricity consumption. The numerical results show that each electric vehicle’s electricity consumption increases with the...