By using a large amount of data collected in the atmospheric surface layer, we analyze the probability density functions (PDFs), the probability of return and the moments of wind velocity increments. Results show that the PDFs change from the non-Gaussian long-tailed distributions to Gaussian...

A modified particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed in this paper to investigate the dynamic of pedestrian evacuation from a fire in a public building—a supermarket with multiple exits and configurations of counters. Two distinctive evacuation behaviours featured by the shortest-path...