Water is perhaps the most ubiquitous, and the most essential, of any molecule on earth. Indeed, it defies the imagination of even the most creative science fiction writer to picture what life would be like without water. Despite decades of research, however, water's puzzling properties are not...

We report call option pricing for up-and-out style barrier options through the use of a neural net model. A synthetic data set was constructed from the real LIFFE standard option price data by use of the Rubenstein and Reiner analytic model (Risk September (1991) 28). Unbiased estimates at the...

We investigate here self-organised criticality (SOC) in two-dimensional dissipative sandpile models without the local conservation law. Both dissipative cellular automata and dissipative coupled map lattice models with open boundary conditions are considered. There appears to be no evidence for...

We investigate the evolutionary behaviour of a 2-D dry froth with initial ordered/disordered conditions corresponding, respectively, to monodisperse/polydisperse topological networks. Using the direct simulation approach, we discuss the scaling properties of the cell side distribution, f(n), and...

The soap froth provides an idealised example of a cellular structure, which evolves or coarsens over laboratory time-scales and for which topological measures appear to provide an intuitive characterisation. However, froth is an intrinsically non-equilibrium system, and topological measures are...

The scaling properties of 2D froth have been extensively investigated via numerical simulations, theory and experiment. The evolutionary process as a whole, however, consists of two regions involving several distinct stages, which are characterized by the froth structure. In particular,...

We study the competition and strategy selections between a class of generalized zero-determinant (ZD) strategies and the classic strategies of always cooperate (AllC), always defect (AllD), tit-for-tat (TFT), and win-stay-lose-shift (WSLS) strategies in an iterated prisoner’s dilemma...