The traditional cellular automaton (CA) model assumes that drivers only receive information from the preceding vehicles, e.g. the brake light information. However, in reality, drivers not only perceive information from downstream but can also get upstream information, e.g. the honk stimulation....

The paper mainly studies the following vehicle’s honk effect on the driver of its predecessors in the single-lane cellular automaton model (CA model); besides, the determined condition of honk’s state is investigated in detail, which has seldom been studied before. Then, the influence of...

Mixed traffic without signal control is complicated. This paper proposes a pedestrian–vehicle cellular automata (CA) model to study the characteristics of the mixed traffic. The model includes two sub models. One is the pedestrian model, in which the heterogeneity is taken into consideration....

Due to the poor road markings and irregular driving behaviors, not every vehicle is positioned in the center of the lane. The deviation from the center can cause discomfort to drivers in the neighboring lane, which is referred to as lateral discomfort (or lateral friction). Such lateral...