the complexity used in econophysics. Therefore, this article aims to clarify what kind of emergences and complexities we … field provides; and on the other hand, the future methodological evolution of the field. …

The definition of complexity, simultaneously introduced by Kolmogorov and Chaitin, has given a numerical measure to … deals with the complexity of most real systems, and biological objects in particular. We try to overcome this difficulty by … discussing a possible thermodynamic definition of complexity based on energy balance. The Kolmogorov–Chaitin definition of …

history (e.g., humans and flies), are derived and extensively verified. Such conservation (with respect to evolution, i.e., in … biological heterogeneity, establish two universal ways of its evolution, predict a new kind of rapid (compared to lifespan …

A measure called physical complexity is established and calculated for a population of sequences, based on statistical … sequences of a population. Up until now, physical complexity has only been formulated for populations of sequences with the same …, we investigate our extended physical complexity through simulations, showing it to be consistent with the original. …

of natural systems have been described using differential equations. But, differential equation models fail to account … for the emergence of large-scale inhomogeneities and for the influence of inhomogeneity on the overall dynamics of … biological systems. Here, we show that a microscopic simulation methodology enables us to model the emergence of large …

We present a dynamical model of the emergence of firms as opposed to a flat labour market where entrepreneurs would …

To study the evolution of complex network with dynamical units, in this paper we consider the development of the … clustering coefficient and small average shortest path length. The importance of chaos in the emergence of this type of scale …

detail for a regular solution and show that four existing models can be recovered as special cases. We also use it to develop …

evolution of OSM road networks in Beijing, China, from four aspects. First, findings from general analysis indicate that (1) the … indicate that (5) OSM road networks resemble the growth of real road networks and are undergoing an evolution process depicted … evolution process of continuous strong exploration accompanied by weak densification. …