There is a growing literature that investigates the effect of trade liberalization on productivity. Nearly all such … studies assume that trade policy is determined independently of productivity, hence it is exogenous. The author shows that … the positive effect of liberalization on productivity when they do not account for the endogeneity bias. On the theory …

formula for their success. The author discusses what each of the economies (Cambodia, China, Lao People's Democratic Republic …, and Vietnam) has done. China experienced an extended transition process; the transition ws much shorter in other East … arrangement as part of their reform strategy. China focused mainly on unilateral reforms and, more recently, reforms associated …

. In China, duty exemptions have been central to the process of trade reform and have led to a tremendous increase in … case of China's recent WTO accession will overstate the increase in China's trade flows by 40 percent, welfare by 15 … drawbacks are ignored. The bias in the estimates of China's real GDP, trade flows, and welfare changes due to WTO accession …

by destination. Several conclusions can be drawn from the analysis. First, China, Korea, and Japan, as well as the … Asia and the Pacific region (especially China) appears to be more protectionist than the European Union, suggesting a …

prices in international markets, whether China's WTO accession will provide an example of trade reform aggravating poverty by …