estimates indicate that forecast uncertainty has increased since January 2016, while the balance of risks to global growth has …

the world urgently need to see the big picture if they are to deal with the specific challenges and opportunities they …

joint Bayesian Vector Autoregression errors. The simulated shocks are then integrated into the World Bank's macro … methodology is applied to 115 countries, using the World Bank's fall 2024 edition of the Macro-Poverty Outlook forecasts as a …

dealing with undervalued exchange rates. This paper proposes new rules in the World Trade Organization to discipline cases of … WTO's enforcement mechanism is credible and effective. The World Trade Organization would not be involved in exchange rate … advantage of the two institutions, with the International Monetary Fund providing the essential technical expertise in the World …

Despite a trend toward more flexible rates, more than half the world's countries maintain fixed or managed exchange … its integration into the world trading community. In fact, and overvalued exchange rate is often the root cause of … protection, preventing the country from returning to more liberal trade policies that allow growth and integration into the world …