In a largely corruption-free environment, anti-corruption agencies, ethics offices, and ombudsman strengthen the … standards of accountability. In countries with endemic corruption, however, the same institutions function in form but not in …

Corruption affects the composition of capital inflows in a way that may raise the likelihood of a currency crisis …

corruption …

"This paper discusses mechanisms of grand corruption in private sector utility provision in developing countries. By … the term "grand corruption," the authors abstract from the petty corruption that consumers experience - for example, when … the government level involving private sector management, ownership, and provision of utility services. Corruption at that …

"This paper examines the impact of reducing corruption and improving transparency to lower trade costs in the Asia … corruption. Results suggest that trade in the region would increase by 11 percent and global welfare would expand by …

"This paper assesses corruption levels and trends among countries in the transition countries of Eastern Europe and …. Data from firm surveys tend to show improvement in most types of administrative corruption, but little change in "state … capture" in the region. Broader, subjective corruption indicators tend to show somewhat greater improvement in ECA than in non …

rule of law may not prove to be a potent remedy for combating corruption. "--World Bank web site …"This paper examines the conceptual and empirical basis of corruption and governance and concludes that decentralized … local governance is conducive to reduced corruption in the long run. This is because localization helps to break the …

during crisis than in externally less dependent industries in countries with higher levels of corruption. He finds the … array of robustness checks, including using different indices of corruption, different controls, and robust estimation … techniques. "--World Bank web site …