Countries need suitable mechanisms for balancing the risks and benefits of financial openness, including mechanisms through which to provide insurance to citizens, through the marketplace or through redistributive policy, and thus to avert political pressure for capital controls. Capital...

"The authors offer evidence that U.S. interest rate policy has an important influence in the determination of credit spreads on emerging market bonds over U.S. benchmark treasuries and therefore on their cost of capital. Their analysis improves on the existing literature and understanding by...

Risk shifting and incomplete contracting lie at the heart of the agency relationship inherent in the procurement and financing of large-scale projects such as power plants, oil and gas pipelines, and liquefied natural gas facilities. An investigation of Ras Gas bonds provides empirical evidence...

In infrastructure projects bondholders and shareholders share residual risks over time despite debt covenants meant to mitigate risk shifting. For projects accessing international bond markets to benefit from longer maturities and lower borrowing costs, it is therfore necessary to pay attention...