"Infrastructure projects are often technically complicated and highly customized. Therefore, procurement competition … suggests that quality is of particular importance in large infrastructure projects and auctioneers cannot easily substitute …

infrastructure services. In this paper, we use Demographic and Health Surveys from a larger sample of sub-Saharan African countries …) telephone has increased rapidly. The decline has been primarily in the urban areas while the infrastructure coverage has either … community to progressively increase access to modern infrastructure services in Africa. "--World Bank web site …

"The paper's objective is to explain factors underlying Africa's weak infrastructure endowment and to identify suitable … infrastructure goals for the region based on benchmarking against international peers. The authors use a dataset covering the stocks … of key infrastructure-including information and communication technology (ICT), power, roads, and water-across 155 …

"The goal of the paper is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the impact of infrastructure development on growth … the impact on per capita growth of faster accumulation of infrastructure stocks and of enhancement in the quality of … infrastructure services for 39 African countries in three key infrastructure sectors: telecommunications, electricity, and roads …