impedes productivity more at higher levels of regulation. The analysis finds that there is a significant negative relationship … between corruption and firm productivity when regulation is high and an insignificant relationship when it is low. These …

Using firm-level survey data for a large cross section of countries, the paper assesses the gap in labor productivity … impact of competition from informal firms on the labor productivity of formal firms. The results show that on average, the … labor productivity of informal firms is about one-fourth that of formal firms. Moreover, the labor productivity of formal …

compares the level of labor productivity in 22 upper-middle-income countries and 11 high-income countries for which comparable … data are available. The results show that labor productivity in the upper-middle-income countries is about 57.5 percent … lower than in the high-income countries. The productivity difference is robust and holds for firms of different sizes and …