The fallout of nitrogen pollution is considered one of the largest global externalities facing the world, impacting air …, water, soil, and human health. This paper combines data from the Demographic and Health Survey data set across India …, Vietnam, and 33 African countries to analyze the causal links between pollution exposure experienced during the very earliest …

become and remain competitive. Although many studies have focused on these negative effects, the links between pollution and … pollution and city growth, and how it correlates with city competitiveness. Although high-income cities are usually better at … managing pollution, the paper finds successful examples of fast-growing, lower-income cities that are able to tackle this issue …

Air pollution from vehicular traffic is a major source of health damage in urban areas. The problems of urban traffic … and pollution are essentially geographic, because their incidence and impacts depend on the spatial distribution of … vehicle traffic, air pollution, and exposure of vulnerable residents in the Dar es Salaam metro region of Tanzania. The …

an ever-greater contributor to local air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The situation is particularly acute in … developing countries, where growing metropolitan regions suffer some of the world's highest levels of air pollution. Policies … and pollution they seek to mitigate. This paper provides an overview of the findings of the recent literature on the …

This paper surveys the recent literature exploring the causes of urban pollution in the developing world and the … implications of such pollution for a city's competitiveness. Within a system of cities, cities compete for jobs and people. Those … pollution inhibit urban competitiveness? Second, why is this effect likely to grow in importance over time? Third, why have …