<title>Abstract</title> OECD analyses show that France has been slow in introducing the new Human Resource Management (HRM) model; however, the few changes that have been made have still aroused controversy. There is a substantial body of empirical research showing that the newly introduced tools and...

<title>Abstract</title> In France, the differences between public and private organizations seem to have been reduced by the ubiquity of some management tools and approaches, and, at the same time, highlighted by the political environment, stereotypes, and negative perceptions of French public management....