<title>Abstract</title> ‘Lean’ has become a popular approach to public service reform. In the current era of reduced public spending, it promises to maintain service productivity, improve utilisation and maintain quality. Drawing on literature and empirical data, this paper will argue that the...

<title>Abstract</title> The aim of this article is to understand to what extent the introduction of performance management systems has affected the roles and influences of the key actors in the governance of universities, especially the role of academics, and whether or not the introduction of these systems...