This study explores the effect of renewable and non-renewable electricity consumption on economic growth in 18 Latin American countries. To achieve the goal of this study a panel Gross Domestic Product (GDP) model was constructed taking the period 1980–2010 into account. From the Pedroni...

The bi-directional long run relationship between renewable energy consumption and GDP growth has been investigated in high income, upper middle income, lower middle income, and high income countries. To achieve this goal, the fully modified OLS was utilized. The results revealed that 79% of the...

This study explored the relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emission in the MENA countries. The panel model was utilized taking the period 1980–2009 into consideration. Pedroni cointegration test results showed that urbanization, energy consumption and CO2 emission...