Despite the growing amount of research on container-port efficiency and benchmarking, the literature on the subject is yet to provide stable and consistent results across researchers and in relation to dynamic operating and market conditions. In this paper, we formulate a number of operational...

Most practical and theoretical approaches to port performance measurement benchmarking are reducible to three broad categories: performance metrics and index methods, economic impact studies and efficiency frontier approaches. However, despite the plethora of performance models and measurement...