While the TRIPS Agreement provides for minimum standards of protection of intellectual property, it leaves a certain … different manners, to legislate in areas not subject to the minimum standards under the Agreement, and to develop legal …

flexibilities like transition period, parallel importation and compulsory licensing to leverage the IP system to further public …

), competition law and access to affordable life-saving treatments and vaccines. Compulsory licensing of patented medicines is a … prohibition and the main case law of European competition law on the matter and discusses whether compulsory licensing as a remedy … paper offers policy recommendations relating to compulsory licensing based on excessive pricing. …