This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of financial cycles in asset markets and regions. Using a large sample of 38 advanced and emerging economies to enable a comparative assessment, the analysis conforms with the prevailing literature on financial cycles pertaining to advanced economies,...

This paper analyzes the reasons for the middle income trap in Latin America, where countries have been at the middle income level for decades, and draws out lessons for Asia. The middle income trap captures a situation where a middle income country can no longer compete internationally in...

This paper analyzes the impact of tariff liberalization and foreign direct investment on pollution from a plant-level perspective. It considers how globalization impacts plant-level investment in pollution abatement expenditure. Popular hypotheses on trade and pollution cite the pollution haven...