A strong increase in the demand for some commodities over the last decade will have a major impact on their future supply situation. Of increasing importance, therefore, is an assessment of a commodity's criticality, and especially its supply risk, by appropriate indicators. The literature has...

We will examine price dependencies between primary products and co-products from metal markets. First, we develop an optimization model to determine the profit-maximizing extraction behavior of mining companies. With this model, we analyze how the companies optimally react to exogenous demand...

In recent years, commodity markets show a large amount of volatility and substantial price jumps, indicating an increasing economic scarcity in many cases. As this scarcity makes commodity procurement a critical issue for national economies, industry sectors and manufacturing companies, a number...