Purpose: This paper aims to examine whether external monitors (auditors and analysts) constrain earnings strings, an indicator of earnings management, and whether this monitoring is more effective after the implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), given the emphasis of SOX on...

Anecdotal evidence suggests that emerging economy enterprises face higher uncertainty in business operations compared to their counterparts in more developed economies. However, there is little empirical evidence on this issue. The objective of this study is to fill this void in the literature...

Extending prior studies which suggest that the disclosure practice of developed economy entities tends to be more transparent than that of emerging economy entities, this study investigates whether such differences in the degree of disclosure transparency translate into different levels of...