« Social freedom » and the respect of corresponding rights, as well as Pareto efficiency (a priori required by democracy), imply that taxes and subsidies (re)distributing income are based on given « natural resources », the main of which ?'by very far?' consists of individuals?' productive...

This paper presents various effects of three simulated reforms of the European pay-as-you-go system. These are investigated with INGENUE : a multi-region, general equilibrium, overlapping-generation model of the world economy. Reforms are presented around a baseline scenario where constant...

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the French tax credit ? prime pour l?emploi ? created in 2001. This assessment has been carried out through simulations made with MYRIADE, a micro-simulation model, currently being built at the Caisse nationale des allocations familiales and...

The adjustment between supply and demand was characterized in mass retailing by the display of an exhaustive, competitive and comparable offering of products with clearly-defined and visible characteristics. Adjustment between this supply and demand was framed by an irregular, indirect,...

This paper aims to analyse the industrial location and the countries? specialization in a North/South model. The model is an extension of Ricci?s [1999] and Martin and Rogers? [1995] models. It introduces two countries (North and South), two production factors (capital and labour) and three...

The present article aims at estimating the workers?'motion law in China using internal migration data for 29 provinces over two sub-periods 1985-1990 and 1990-1995. We measure impediments to the mobility of workers inside China and notably additional costs that apply to crossing borders. Our...

This paper investigates the determinants of a firm?'s export decision and focuses on the identification of spillovers from neighboring firms. I use a panel of French manufacturers that started to export to at least one of 67 countries over the 1986-1992 period. Detailed data on the location of...

The aim of the article is to study the impact of electronic commerce on the urban organization of commercial activities. Despite of the weak level of the present development of e-commerce, significant transformations are expected. Generally confined to on line sales, electronic commerce is here...

This paper analyses the impact of subsidies on firms? location. A database encompassing data from surveys on firms located in three French regions characterised by different levels of development (core, intermediate and peripheral) has been built. The model considers that a firm, in search of...

We consider the effect of geography, and in particular market access, on wages using individual data from 56 Chinese cities in 11 different provinces. By applying New Economic Geography theories to individual-level survey data, we evaluate the extent to which market proximity can explain...