[eng] Indexed management and averages theory . One hypothesis assumes that indexed passive management is a resurgence of Quételet’s (1835-1869) averages theory in the modern finance. First the author shows that the portfolios choice theory and the canonical breaking up of financial risk are...

[eng] Excessive volatility : irrational behaviours or intellectual dividing ? . The main assumption to explain high volatility of markets is the irrational behaviours of investors. This analysis contrasts the « good » economy with the « bad » stock exchange. The author presents the origins...