[eng] The cities of Hong-Kong and Singapore, of british origin and Chinese population, enjoy a standard of living comparable to that of southern Europe. They have both experimented an exceptionally fast growth over the past twenty years within opposite social and political frames : liberalism in...

[fre] L'ampleur des contraintes extérieures pesant sur les zones dites « en voie de développement » fait de leur desserrement une condition nécessaire, mais non suffisante, à toute croissance économique d'ici la fin de la décennie dans des pays qui, par choix ou par nécessité, se sont...

[eng] As OPEC surpluses might have been volatile, their recycling was initiallly considered as difficult. But 40 % of these funds were invested in industrialised countries, predominantly in the United States (half of this subtotal). An equal amount was turned to short-term bank deposits which...

[eng] European economies have been diversely hit by the shocks of the past ten years owing to structural differences. Initial reactions resulted in a great variety of economic policies. More recently, external constraints have induced adjustment policies in all countries. The process is unevenly...

[fre] Les grandes lignes du scénario d'environnement international qui sous-tend cette projection sont les suivantes. Le prix du pétrole en dollar s'accroîtrait pour rejoindre son niveau d'équilibre à la fin de la décennie. La stratégie de rétablissement de la part du marché pétrolier...

[eng] At the end of July, most industrialised countries were already on the path of a downturn. Japan and Germany were exceptions in that respect : a slowdown was only anticipated at the beginning of 1991, when the exceptional stimulus to their internal demands would have faded. In many european...

[eng] Measured in dollars, the Japanese current account surplus started to decline in 1989. But this is misleading : the actual reversal of the trend started in 1987, when this surplus, measured in yen, started to decline. This is due to a contraction of the trade balance which appears in every...

[eng] The Respite Département des diagnostics de l'OFCE Following the upheavals of 1986, 1987 has so far been somewhat calmer. The depreciation of the dollar came to an end. The price of oil has come back to 18 $/bl and stabilised. Slow economic growth has continued in the major industrialised...

[eng] The rescheduling of external debt, which has marked 1983, has imposed greater restraint on many LDCs, thus reducing their imports. The consequent fall in world demand could be partly offset by the recovery in US imports, the impact of the federal budget being reinforced in the short term...

[eng] The recovery of économie activity in OECD countries, which started in the spring of 1987, continued through the second half of 1988. It was boosted by the international trade of manufactured goods, which has been growing at an annual rate of 11 % since mid-1987 (in volume terms). Thèse...