There is a trend in regulatory practice towards exceptional incentives for exceptional investments. Italy and the US have the longest experience with a regulatory framework for strategically important investments that deviates from the default framework. In these countries, the incentives...

Nowadays, the European electricity systems are evolving towards a generation mix that is more decentralised, less predictable and less flexible to operate. In this context, additional flexibility is expected to be provided by the demand side. Thus, how to engage consumers to participate in...

In many countries, distribution grid tariffs are being reformed to adapt to the new realities of an electricity system with distributed energy resources. In Europe, legislative proposals have been made to harmonize these reforms across country borders. Many stakeholders have argued that...