Most dimension reduction methods based on nonparametric smoothing are highly sensitive to outliers and to data coming from heavy-tailed distributions. We show that the recently proposed methods by Xia et al. (2002) can be made robust in such a way that preserves all advantages of the original...

Options are financial derivatives that, conditional on the price of an underlyingasset, constitute a right to transfer the ownership of this underlying. Morespecifically, a European call and put options give their owner the right to buyand sell, respectively, at a fixed strike price at a given...