If the EU wants to achieve net zero emissions by 2050, enacting conventional climate change mitigation measures to avoid emissions of greenhouse gases will not be enough. To compensate for unavoidable residual emissions, unconventional measures to remove CO2 from the atmosphere will also be...

Since 2007, energy and climate policy has occupied a prominent place on the agenda of the European Union. The so-called '20-20-20 targets' negotiated during the German Council Presidency were the first step towards an integrated policy approach. Because of the long investment cycles in the...