This paper describes an attempt to identify additionality in the projects carried out in the European Union's 5th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP5) in the context of the recent five-year assessment of FP5. It briefly discusses the various meanings of the...

For quite some time, European countries have felt the need to compare their respective performances through the application of benchmarking and scoreboard tools, the findings of which are typically processed into country rankings, which in turn guarantee considerable publicity in the media and...