Research and development (R&D) is underestimated in services. This article combines deductive and inductive approaches to formulate a new definition of R&D. The proposed revision does not fundamentally alter the structure of the current OECD definition, which is only marginally amended by making...

The economics of services is seeking an appropriate theory of innovation. A priori, a neo-Schumpeterian approach does not seem incompatible with the principal traits of the service economy. This article poses the question, to what extent do neo-Schumpeterian analyses of innovation account for...

This paper is based on a postal survey of innovation in services carried out in France. It seeks to account for the modes of organisation of innovation processes. It addresses the following themes: the sources of information; the internal and external actors involved in innovation; the costs and...

Having been ignored for a long time, innovation in services is now the object of institutional surveys at both the national and international level. The aim of this article is to review these surveys, which divide into groups reflecting a range of different theoretical approaches to innovation....