This paper develops a method of assessment of market access difficulties with an application to manufactured trade patterns between developing and developed countries. The method also offers a renewal of the assessment of the impact of regional trading arrangements. We use a micro-founded...

In this paper, we measure market access between the United States, the EU, and Japan (the Triad), using the effect of national borders on trade patterns. We investigate overall and industry-level trends of bilateral trade openness and provide explanations for those using proxies for bilateral...

Vingt-cinq ans après l’abolition de toutes les barrières formelles « traditionnelles » au commerce (droits de douane et quotas principalement), le passage au Marché unique était censé assurer qu’au 1er janvier 1993 le commerce entre États membres serait libre de toute entrave. Il...