the degree of consumption insurance, households'vulnerability to poverty, and household use of formal and informal coping …

assumptions regarding the underlying economic environment. We find that when the environment is stationary, and consumption … vulnerability is employed. If the vulnerability measure is risk-sensitive, but consumption is measured with error, a simple … estimator proposed by the authors(2003) generally performs best. However, when the distribution of consumption is non …

living below minimum acceptable consumption levels will remain so high that some form of safety net intervention is justified …

using these policies to compensate for the market failures that help perpetuate poverty, particularly in high-inequality …

relative wages that have underlined the rise in earnings inequality. The paper finds that the widening of earnings distribution … was concentrated in the early phase of transition, and the trend towards greater inequality in most countries tapered off … characterized by high but not exorbitant earnings dispersion. In most transitional economies of Central Europe earnings inequality …