This article measures the independent association of maternal education level and childhood immunization rates in the USA and compares the associations in states that provide free vaccines to all residents (Universal) and those that do not (non-Universal). To do this, the US-based National...

Relatively high birth rates among black adolescents and unmarried women as well as inadequate access to medical care are considered primary reasons why the black neonatal mortality rate is almost double that of whites. Using household production theory, this paper examines the determinants of...