Social desirability (SD)-bias is a serious threat for survey-data quality, and the respondents’ desirability beliefs have proven in many studies to predict the incentives for the strength as well as for the direction of this bias. However, the issue of the relative validity of different ways...

The study investigates the social desirability of four characteristics often asked as self-descriptive questions in surveys. These are the intensity of watching television, the consumption of alcohol, the frequency of past blood donations and the degree of happiness in life. We compare the...