Four billion people at the base of the economic pyramid live on incomes below $3000 a year in local purchasing power, and more often than not, lack consistent access to services, such as water, healthcare, banking or agricultural know-how. Rapid advances in mobile technology offer the potential...

This paper focuses on the question of which broadband technologies that are currently available (and/or under development) enable evolutionary paths for broadband (symmetrical bandwidth of 10 Mbps1) deployment in the local loop, leaving options open for new developments. The paper is relevant...