In the nineties, after more than a decade of data collection, PNAD's basic questionnaire included systematic data collection on migration. Nevertheless, scholars and specially demographers have seldom explored this data source. This paper is part of a major evaluation project of PNAD in the...

The strengthening of the commitment to export assistance and the establishment of comprehensive programs to foster export activities of firms are part of public policies in almost all developed and developing countries. In recent decades, not only the amount devoted by governments to these...