This paper generalizes Hwang and Mai’s (Am Econ Rev 80:567–575, <CitationRef CitationID="CR10">1990</CitationRef>) model to include labor markets and shows that their results are still valid when the difference of inverse demand slopes is large enough, while, when this difference is small, a monopoly firm always chooses the same...</citationref>

d’Aspremont (Econometrica 47:1145–1150 , <CitationRef CitationID="CR7">1979</CitationRef>) showed that a Hotelling (Econ J 39:41–57 , <CitationRef CitationID="CR10">1929</CitationRef>) duopoly model with quadratic transport costs yields maximal differentiation. However, the introducing of an online firm ensures that the duopolist will never be located at the end points of the...</citationref></citationref>