This paper investigates the effect of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) on the relation between institutional ownership (IO) and firm innovation. We find that US firms investing in innovation attract more institutional capital post-SOX. Prior literature identifies two SOX effects on the average US...

Using a sample of UK firms, we find that institutional block-holding is negatively associated with directors' ownership and is positively associated with board composition, suggesting that institutional block-holders regard directors' ownership and board composition as substitute and...