Extreme price movements associated with market crashes and booms have catastrophic repercussions for all investors and it is necessary to make accurate predictions of the frequency and severity of these events. This paper investigates the extreme behaviour of equity market returns and quantifies...

We examine whether hedging effectiveness is affected by asymmetry in the return distribution by applying tail-specific metrics, for example, value at risk, to compare the hedging effectiveness of short and long hedgers. Comparisons are applied to a number of hedging strategies including OLS and...

Accurate volatility modelling is paramount for optimal risk management practices. One stylized feature of financial volatility that impacts the modelling process is long memory explored in this paper for alternative risk measures, observed absolute and squared returns for high frequency intraday...