In this paper, the authors use stock market data to examine the intraindustry effects of the July 5, 1982, closure of the Penn Square Bank. A sample of fifty-four bank stocks is divided into four portfolios: industry, money center, Texas, and upstream. The latter group consists of banks that had...

Previous studies show that co-managers mainly affect initial public offering (IPO) aftermarket activities. We investigate the role of co-managers in IPO pre-market activities. We argue that co-managers help reduce IPO placement risk and hypothesize that IPO issuers hire more co-managers when...