Purpose: This paper designs an optimal closed-loop supply chain network with an integrated forward and reverse logistics to examine the possibility of remanufacturing end-of-life (EoL) ships. Design/methodology/approach: Explanatory variables are used to estimate the number of EoL ships...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to measure and map the potential transportation network impedance to last-mile delivery (LMD) using spatial measures representing attributes of road network and planning controls. Design/methodology/approach: The transport network impedance is estimated as...