Data envelopment analysis is used to compute a cumulative Malmquist input-based productivity index for coal-burning plants in the U.S. electric generating industry in the 1980s. The authors account for inputs used to control sulfur emissions as well as emissions outputs, and decompose the index...

Equality and efficiency are key issues in educational reform. Here the authors analyze the efficiency and equality consequences of various school finance reforms using a cost-indirect output distance function. This function readily models multiple-output production under conditions of budgetary...