Modifying the Mehrabian--Russell model, this study proposed a conceptual model to explore how customers' perceptions of dining environments influence emotion and behavioral intention (BI) in the upscale restaurant setting. Using a structural equation modeling analysis, this study showed that...

The US airline industry has experienced severe turbulence during the recent decade. The September 11 terrorist attack (9/11) was the greatest shock at the beginning of the 2000s. Recently, the dramatic increase in fuel costs emerged as another shock to the industry. To understand the effects of...