Over the last decade or so a number of OECD economies have migrated from providing higher education free at the point of consumption to levying user charges. However, rather than charges for tuition being paid up-front, contributions have taken the form of income-contingent loans. Graduates...

In a number of influential papers published by V. N. Balasubramanyam and collaborators during the decade of the 1990s, compelling arguments and supporting evidence was presented to indicate that export-promoting trade and investment strategies attract more and more productive inflows of foreign...

When the effective protection concept was first developed it was widely regarded as a key measure of the structure of protection and became widely deployed. It was however, subject to a theoretical critique on the grounds that it was essentially a partial equilibrium measure, which could not be...

<heading format="display" id="h1" implicit="yes" level="1">Abstract</heading> In this paper we investigate the effect of exchange rate changes on the exports of UK manufacturing firms, but draw on the macro literature to consider the effects exchange rates have on imported intermediate inputs. Real exchange rate appreciations make the foreign export price of...