Area-wide traffic jams develop through the propagation of queues from link to link, a process that resembles the growth of branches on a tree. The process is not well understood. In this paper, simple models for jam growth arising from a single bottleneck are developed for an idealized grid...

In previous work on aesthetics and the urban road environment, the authors drew attention to the growing visual disparity between the modern automobile and its urban setting, and suggested a new design approach which would provide some measure of visual integration of cars into the urban...