Because ports have been rapidly expanding, port cities have been exposed to air pollution. Air pollution in port cities that has resulted from the intense expansion of ports has become a pressing concern. Although several studies have discussed the relationship between port and city functions...

With sustained high bunker prices, new methods for choosing optimal bunkering ports to save on total operating costs have appeared in research involving liner shipping companies. Generally speaking, the bunkering port selection problem is solved by utilizing ship planning software. However, this...

The port sectors in a country play an important role in its economy. This paper presents an input–output analysis on how the port sectors impact a concerned economy using the South African case. Moreover, this paper reports how a rectangular Supply and Use Table system of national accounts can...