This paper focuses on the question whether or not the container liner shipping industry is an oligopoly. Although liner shipping literature has been occupied with this question, few authors have examined the market structure of the containerised liner shipping industry. The study of the market...

Three decades ago, ports were generally regarded as homogeneous entities that competed with each other at different operational levels. In the course of the 1990s, however, the “port product” increasingly came to be seen as a set of interlinking functions, with the port as such serving as...